KHRYSTYNYCH, BOHDAN. ON THE PATHS TO FREEDOM. The Underground Organization “OBYEDNANNYA” (UNIFICATION) (1956–1959). Lviv, 2004. 416 pp.
pp. 131–183: Members of “Obyednannya.” BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY
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Aizenbart, Kostiantyn
Born in 1927 to a peasant family in the village of Yasenytsia Silna, Drohobych district, Lviv oblast. In 1947, he graduated from the Boryslav Pedagogical School, after which he worked as a teacher. Having grown up in a nationally conscious Ukrainian family, he was connected to the Ukrainian nationalist underground, for which he was arrested in October 1949. In early 1950, he was sentenced by a decree of the Special Council of the USSR Council of Ministers, along with Ya. Kobyletsky and V. Slyvyak, to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. He was released from custody in the summer of 1956 based on a decision by the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. A member of “Obyednannya.” Directly associated with Ya. Kobyletsky, V. Slyvyak, and D. Zhovtiak. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. In 1970, he moved from Inta to Ukraine, first to Fastiv, Kyiv oblast, and in 1971 to Chervonohrad, Lviv oblast, where he resides to this day. He takes an active part in the public and political life of his city. A member of the Union of Political Prisoners of Ukraine.
Aizenbart, Olha (née Vdovychyn)
Born in 1926 in Novi Strilyshcha, Zhydachiv district, Lviv oblast. Her parents were peasants. Her father had emigrated to Canada before 1939, where he died. She had an incomplete secondary (financial) education. She was closely connected to the OUN underground. Shortly before her arrest, underground members secretly took her with them to print underground literature (she was a skilled typist). After some time, she returned to her native village, but just three days later, she was arrested. This was in 1950. A decree of the Special Council of the USSR Council of Ministers sentenced her to 25 years of imprisonment.
She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps. She was released by the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on May 15, 1956. After her release, she married K. Aizenbart, a member of “Obyednannya,” who recruited her as a supporter of our organization. In 1970, she left Inta for Ukraine, and in 1971, together with her husband, settled in Chervonohrad, Lviv oblast, where she lived until her death in 1998.
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Bakaim, Yeva
Born around 1922 in the village of Krekhiv, Zhovkva district, Lviv oblast. Her parents were peasants. She had an incomplete secondary education. In 1947 or 1948, she was arrested for participation in the Ukrainian liberation movement and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB (Ministry of State Security) troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. She was released in the summer of 1956 according to a decision by the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
She was involved with the organization “Obyednannya,” hiding organizational literature and carrying out other tasks. She was directly associated with V. Zatvarsky. After her release, she remained to live and work in Inta, Komi ASSR.
Banatska, Olena (née Kulish)
Born in 1932 in the village of Krychylsk, Sarny district, Rivne oblast. Her parents were peasants. She had a primary education. The wife of K. Banatsky, an activist of “Obyednannya.” In 1956, she came to her husband, who was finishing his sentence in the Inta camps, Komi ASSR. Due to circumstances, she became privy to her husband’s illegal activities. In particular, in the autumn of 1957, she helped him transport leaflets from Inta to Bila Tserkva. After returning from the Komi ASSR to Ukraine, she was able to settle in the city of Kivertsi, Volyn oblast, only after several years of hard tribulations. K. Banatsky himself arrived there after serving his sentence. He returned from prison as a disabled person. Olena, as a faithful wife, cared for him diligently until his death in 2001. After her husband’s death, Olena remained alone and continues to live in the city of Kivertsi.
Banatsky, Kyrylo
Born in 1929 in the village of Krychylsk, Sarny district, Rivne oblast, to a peasant family. Incidentally, his father served in S. Petliura’s army. He was a second-year student at the Kostopil College of Agricultural Mechanization. In 1951, he married a fellow villager, Olena Kulish. In the first half of 1952, he was arrested by the MGB for distributing anti-Soviet nationalist leaflets and for his connection to the OUN underground.
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and participation in the underground youth group known as the Krychylsk Youth OUN. And on August 26, 1952, the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast sentenced him to 25 years of imprisonment. Seven other people were sentenced along with him.
He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. Being an active and dynamic person by nature, he had close relations with members of “Obyednannya,” V. Leoniuk, A. Bulavsky, Y. Slabina, and other members of the organization. In the summer of 1956, the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR reduced his sentence to 7 years. After his release from custody in the autumn of 1957, he left for Ukraine and settled in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv oblast. At that time, he brought over 1,300 leaflets, “To the Collective Farmer!” and “To the Citizen!,” from Inta. He gave 700 of them to A. Bulavsky, 250 to Sava Shepel, a resident of Krychylsk village, and hid the rest in the attic of the house where he lived with Stepan Soroka. These leaflets were seized by the KGB during a search at the time of his arrest. In 1958, the decision of the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to reduce his sentence was annulled, and on April 29, 1960, the collegium of the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR sentenced K. Banatsky under Art. 7, Part 2 of the Law on Particularly Dangerous State Crimes to 7 years of imprisonment, combined with his previous sentence to a total of 15 years, calculated from the day the verdict was announced. In addition, a session of the Irkutsk Oblast Court on March 24, 1961, declared him a particularly dangerous recidivist. He served his sentence in the Taishet and Mordovian camps. He completed his sentence in 1974. After long wanderings, he settled in the city of Kivertsi, Volyn oblast. With Ukraine’s independence, he actively joined public and political life, becoming an active member of the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA. Kyrylo came out of prison as a disabled person, and the last years of his life were particularly difficult (tuberculosis, epilepsy, blindness in one eye). His wife Olena cared for him. He died in September 2001.
Bobivska, Maria
Born in 1929 into a working-class family in the town of Turka, Lviv oblast. She graduated from the German philology department of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University. She was the wife of B. Khrystynych from 1951 to 1982. After his arrest in
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1952, she was sent to work in Siberia. She later returned and became a teacher in her hometown.
B. Khrystynych, after being released from the Inta camps, arrived in Turka in August 1956 to join his wife. He lived there until his arrest in October 1959. Maria, of course, knew what her husband was involved in. She was privy to the fact that he was engaged in illegal anti-Soviet activities. V. Buchkovsky, V. Leoniuk, I. Kravchuk, and others visited him on organizational matters, which aroused suspicion among the neighbors and anxiety among his relatives. But she always dispelled these suspicions and supported her husband in every way in his dangerous activities. Despite being left with two small children, she behaved with dignity and honor during her husband’s arrest. In early 1960, the KGB investigative bodies summoned her to Kyiv as a witness. They tried to extract some details of her husband’s anti-Soviet activities from her. But she revealed nothing to them. She spent the last years of her life in the town of Turka, where she died in 2001.
Boyechko, Petro
Born in 1928 into a peasant family in the village of Stopchativ, Kosiv district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast. He had an incomplete secondary education. In the late 1940s, he was arrested for participation in the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released by a decree of the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. He was privy to the existence of our illegal nationalist organization. In 1957–1958, on the instruction of V. Leoniuk, he obtained babbitt blanks from the Inta motor pool three times, which were used for the production of printing type, a very important contribution to the practical activities of our underground printing press. After leaving Inta, he settled in the city of Chervonohrad, Lviv oblast.
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Boyko, Luka
Born in 1930 in the Ternopil region (Skalat district). He had an incomplete secondary education. For helping insurgents and having connections with the underground, he was arrested in 1951 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR (initially Vorkuta, and from 1955, Inta).
In the summer of 1956, he was released by the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Until 1963, he lived in Inta, and then left for Ukraine. He was privy to the existence of “Obyednannya,” which was manifested in his financial support for the organization. For example, in 1957, he gave K. Banatsky 1,000 karbovantsi for organizational needs. He was in close contact with Ya. Zhukovsky, V. Leoniuk, V. Zatvarsky, and S. Olenchuk. After returning to his homeland, he settled in the city of Ternopil, where he lives with his family to this day. With the proclamation of Ukraine as an independent state, he became involved in the whirlwind of public and political life; in particular, he is an activist of the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA.
Bulavsky, Anatoliy
Born in 1929 into a peasant family in the village of Novyi Dvir, Rivne oblast. He had an incomplete secondary education. For connections with the Ukrainian underground, he was arrested in the late 1940s and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 25 years in correctional labor camps. This was the official name for Soviet concentration camps. He served his sentence in various concentration camps of the Komi ASSR. He spent the last years of his imprisonment in the Inta special camps, from where he was released in 1956 by the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In the summer of 1956, A. Bulavsky became a member of “Obyednannya,” took an oath in the presence of V. Leoniuk and B. Khrystynych, and regularly paid membership dues. Shortly after his release, he left for Ukraine and settled in the city of Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad oblast. In October 1957, K. Banatsky gave him over 700 leaflets, “To the Citizen!” and “To the Collective Farmer!,” for distribution. He, in turn, disposed of them as follows: he gave 400 to Y. Slabina, 100 to Riabchun, and the rest to F. D. Malyshevsky and A. H. Syskov.
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On February 21, 1959, A. Bulavsky was arrested by the KGB. During the investigation and trial, he behaved as the investigators demanded, that is, he told everything he knew, and even what he did not know. On April 29, 1960, the collegium of the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR sentenced him under Articles 1 and 9 of the Law on Particularly Dangerous State Crimes to 10 years of imprisonment. But his sentence was quickly reduced to 3 years. The reason for this was his behavior during the investigation and trial. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Buchkovska, Paraskevia (née Tkatchyk)
Born in 1931 in the village of Novoselivka, Horodenka district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast. She had a secondary education. For her connection with the Ukrainian insurgent movement, she was arrested in 1951 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in Siberian concentration camps. In 1956, she was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After her release, she came to Ternopil, where she met V. Buchkovsky, who would later become a member of our organization. When the KGB forced him to leave Ukraine for Inta, Komi ASSR, she also left with him. There, in 1958, she married him.
As a faithful wife, she was privy to her husband’s underground affairs: she helped him set up the printing press, hid underground literature—in short, she was his protection and cover. After the crackdown on “Obyednannya,” V. Buchkovsky hid some of the organizational materials in Inta. In 1962, P. Buchkovska took these materials (the so-called archive of V. Buchkovsky) from Inta and gave them for safekeeping to Ivan Dovhoruk, a resident of the village of Ivaniv, Kalynivka district, Vinnytsia oblast. In late 1991, she retrieved this archive and, through Yuriy Melnyk, passed it to B. Khrystynych for further use.
In the 1980s, she left Inta with her children and settled in the village of Borova, Fastiv district, Kyiv oblast. Her husband later moved there as well. To this day, she lives in this village. Since the proclamation of Ukraine as an independent state, she has taken an active part in public and political life, and in particular, is a member of the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA.
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Buchkovsky, Vasyl
Born in 1929 in the village of Ivane-Puste, Skala-Podilska district, Ternopil oblast. Before his arrest, he was a fourth-year student at the Lviv Polytechnic Institute. In April 1952, he was arrested for distributing nationalist leaflets and creating an underground student organization. He was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. During the investigation, he threw himself from the fourth floor of the Lviv Oblast KGB Directorate on Dzerzhynsky Street (now Vitovsky Street) with the intention of committing suicide. But the attempt was unsuccessful, and as a result, he broke both his feet and the lower part of his spine, becoming disabled for life. He served his sentence in the Taishet concentration camps. In the summer of 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he arrived in Ternopil, where he found a job. But a few months later, the oblast KGB directorate forced him to leave Ukraine. Before leaving Ukraine, he met with B. Khrystynych, who informed him about the program and activities of “Obyednannya” and suggested he go to Inta, Komi ASSR, to join the work of this organization. V. Buchkovsky accepted the offer.
Upon arriving in Inta, he plunged into underground work with his characteristic zeal and energy. First and foremost, he occupied himself with making a homemade printing press and writing various leaflets, articles, etc. In his organizational activities, he was connected with V. Leoniuk, Ya. Hasiuk, Ya. Zhukovsky, B. Khrystynych, and others. He was a witness in the case.
After retiring, V. Buchkovsky moved from Inta to Ukraine in the 1980s and settled with his family in the village of Borova, Fastiv district, Kyiv oblast. With the advent of the independent Ukrainian state, despite his disability, he became a member of the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA and an activist in public and political life. He died on July 27, 2001.
Vasylyk, Vasyl
Born in 1929 into a peasant family in the village of Zhyznomyr, Buchach district, Ternopil oblast. His father, arrested in 1940, disappeared without a trace.
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After graduating from secondary school, he went underground and in 1950 joined the ranks of the Ukrainian armed underground. He was likely in the group of the last leader of the Chortkiv supra-district, Ilariy Skazinsky (“Kryha”). In 1951, he was treacherously captured by a Bolshevik special group and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment.
He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. He was always an active defender of the wronged and an organizer of Ukrainian patriots in the camps. In particular, he organized the collection of funds for the sick, i.e., prisoners in special hospital camps—the lazarettos of death; for the disabled, i.e., prisoners in special invalid camps; for those in solitary confinement, i.e., prisoners in closed prisons, special isolation cells, and punishment camps. He took part in the preparatory work for the creation of “Obyednannya” but did not become a member of the organization. He maintained organizational contacts with V. Zatvarsky, B. Khrystynych, V. Leoniuk, Ya. Kobyletsky, and other people from our circle. He was released in 1956 by the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he left Inta for Ukraine. On an organizational mission, he came to Lviv, found B. Khrystynych, and gave him an organizational letter and money, with which the latter later bought a typewriter and all the necessary accessories for it. With this, V. Vasylyk’s connections with “Obyednannya” ceased, and his subsequent fate is unknown.
Vintoniv, Vasyl
Born in 1927 in the Otyniia district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast. His parents were peasants. He had an incomplete secondary education. While serving in the army, he was arrested in 1951 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the Turkmen Military District to 25 years of imprisonment for connections with the Ukrainian underground and preparation to flee abroad. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. While in the camps, he had close relations with members of our organization, particularly with V. Zatvarsky, who familiarized him with the program and charter of “Obyednannya.” Thus, V. Vintoniv was our like-minded supporter. But when he was brought to Kyiv in 1959 and placed in the pre-trial detention center (prison) on
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Korolenka Street, 33, he succumbed to KGB agitation and gave testimony about the above-described matters during the investigation and trial of the members of our organization. Thus, he appeared in our case as a witness favorable to the KGB. He was released from imprisonment in 1965 (the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1956 reduced his sentence to twelve and a half years). His subsequent fate is unknown.
Virsta, Kostiantyn
Born in 1929 in Bukovyna. He had a secondary education. While serving in the army, he belonged to an illegal anti-Soviet group of soldiers, for which he was sentenced by a Military Tribunal in 1952 to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived in Inta and worked at a warehouse, where he found an old “Progress” typewriter, which he gave to V. Leoniuk. The font of this typewriter was used by V. Buchkovsky in the production of the printing type for our underground printing press. Thus, K. Virsta, by force of circumstance, was privy to the existence of our illegal organization. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Vodyniuk, Oleksandr
Born in 1930 in the village of Tartakiv, Sokal district, Lviv oblast. His parents were peasants. After graduating from secondary school, he became a student at the Lviv Medical Institute, but in 1948 he was arrested for connection with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Vorkuta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he lived in Vorkuta. Being an active person by nature, he tried to establish contacts with the Inta underground organization, that is, with “Obyednannya.” He met with V. Zatvarsky, to whom he promised to establish a connection between the Inta group and the head of the executive leadership of the polar OUN, Sokhatsky (“Orel”). But for various reasons, the connection was not established. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case.
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In 1959, he was arrested for a second time and sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Mordovian concentration camps, particularly in the special strict-regime camp No. 10 in the settlement of Udarnyi. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Havrylyk, Myron
Born in 1938 in the village of Yasenytsia Silna, Drohobych district, Lviv oblast. His parents were peasants. He had a higher education, having graduated from the Drohobych Pedagogical Institute. A fellow villager of Ya. Kobyletsky, with whom he maintained close ties in 1956–1958. During his visits from Inta, Ya. Kobyletsky gave him various nationalist literature (typewritten organizational literature, particularly reports on historical topics, old OUN literature of an ideological and training nature), had conversations with him about the need to fight for an Independent Unified Ukrainian State, and gave him the task of selecting a group of nationally conscious young men for such a struggle. Thus, he recruited him as a supporter of “Obyednannya.” Currently, M. Havrylyk lives in his native village and works at the school.
Havrylyk, Stepan
Born in 1928 in the village of Kotiv, Berezhany district, Ternopil oblast. His parents were peasants. He had a secondary education. He was arrested in the late 1940s for his connection with the Ukrainian underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he was forced to live and work in Inta. He was a supporter of “Obyednannya.” Directly associated with I. Shahai, Ya. Kobyletsky, and R. Levynsky. In the early 1970s, he left for Ukraine. After long wanderings, he settled in the town of Stebnyk, Lviv oblast, where he lived until his death in 1995.
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Haleta, Vasyl
Born in 1928 in the village of Kryvukha, Dubno district, Rivne oblast. His parents were peasants. He had a secondary education. For his participation in the Ukrainian liberation movement, he was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. While in the camps, he wrote a number of poems in which he sharply and aptly exposed the Moscow-Bolshevik GULAG system, for example, “The Fable.”
In the summer of 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he went to his parents in the Rivne region. He was associated with Ya. Hasiuk, who instructed him to obtain blank passport forms and, if possible, to establish contact with the OUN underground. These instructions were not carried out due to objective reasons. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. He died in his native village in the 1970s.
Hasiuk, Yaroslav
Born in 1926 in Ivano-Frankivsk into a working-class family. He had a secondary pedagogical education. He was arrested in 1948 for participation in the Ukrainian liberation movement and sentenced by the Special Council of the USSR Council of Ministers under Articles 54-1a and 54-11 to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR, from where he was released in early 1956 based on credited workdays. Credited workdays were a form of accelerated sentence completion through increased labor intensity.
He was one of the initiators of the creation of our organization, a participant in the Constituent Assembly of “Obyednannya” in Inta in 1956, where the program and charter were adopted and an oath was taken by all participants of the assembly. At the same assembly, he was elected leader of “Obyednannya.” Leading the activities of our organization, he participated in all meetings of the Steering Committee. Together with V. Leoniuk, he prepared and released the typewritten collections *Literaturne zaslannia* (Literary Exile) and *Vidhomіn* (Echo). He was also one of the organizers of the work to create an underground printing press. In addition, he was the author of many talented patriotic poems. He was arrested in the “Obyednannya” case in January 1960 and sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR under Articles 1 and 9 of the Law on Particularly Dangerous State Crimes to 12 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence
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in the Mordovian concentration camps. After serving his term, he settled in Inta in early 1972, where his wife and son lived. In 1990, he moved with his family to Lviv, where he resides to this day. He is a member of the Union of Political Prisoners of Ukraine, a member of the Mykhailo Soroka creative club, writes poetry, and publishes it in periodicals in Lviv and Kyiv, and is also preparing a collection of his poetic works for publication.
Hasiuk, Anhelina (Halyna) (née Pryima)
Born in 1928 in the village of Bartativ, Horodok district, Lviv oblast. Her parents were peasants. She was a second-year student at the Lviv Pedagogical Institute. In 1950, she was arrested by the Moscow henchmen for her connection with the Ukrainian armed underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, she was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After her release, she lived and worked in Inta, where she married Ya. Hasiuk. She was an activist of “Obyednannya” and a constant support to her husband in his illegal activities. Having endured her husband’s arrest and twelve-year imprisonment with dignity, she lived in Inta until the Soviet Union began to collapse. In 1990, she moved with her husband to Ukraine and settled in Lviv, where she died in 1999 after a long and serious illness.
Herula, Vasyl
Born in 1925 in the Ivano-Frankivsk region to a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education (trade school). He was arrested for participation in the underground movement in the late 1940s and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. He was released in 1956 by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
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He was privy to the affairs of “Obyednannya” and supported the organization financially. He was organizationally connected with P. Klymiuk and Ya. Hasiuk. After his release, he left Inta for the Ivano-Frankivsk region. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Holiichuk, Roman
Born in 1928 or 1929 in the Ternopil region to a peasant family. He had a primary education. In the second half of the 1940s, he was arrested for his connection with the OUN underground and sentenced by a military tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. He was a supporter of “Obyednannya.” From 1956 to 1958, he took a practical part in the activities of our organization (collecting money, distributing literature, etc.). He was directly associated with I. Shahai, Ya. Kobyletsky, and R. Levynsky. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta, and later left for Ukraine. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Holubinka, Vasyl
Born in 1931 in Yasenytsia Silna to a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. A fellow villager of Ya. Kobyletsky, with whom he had close ties in 1956–1959. During his visits to his native village, Ya. Kobyletsky gave him various nationalist literature (typewritten reports on historical topics, old OUN literature of an ideological and training nature) and persuaded him to take the path of struggle against the Moscow-Bolshevik occupiers. Thus, V. Holubinka became a supporter of “Obyednannya.” He was directly associated with Ya. Kobyletsky and M. Havrylyk. He died in 1967 in his native village.
Hul, Mykhailo
Born in 1923 in the Lviv region to a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. In 1948, for participation in the underground, he was arrested and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps.
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Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. Beginning in 1956, he was an activist of “Obyednannya”: he paid membership dues, printed leaflets, and hid the printing press in his home, which he handed over to P. Klymiuk on the instruction of Ya. Hasiuk. He was organizationally connected directly with Ya. Hasiuk, P. Klymiuk, and S. Dzhus. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. In the late 1970s, he left Inta for Ukraine. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Danylykha, Stepanyda
Born in 1923 into a peasant family in the village of Ozhydiv, Brody district, Lviv oblast. She had an incomplete secondary education. She was arrested in the late 1940s for her connection with the Ukrainian armed underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Vorkuta concentration camps. In the summer of 1956, she was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Shortly after her release, she came to Inta and brought V. Zatvarsky an important letter from H. Opaets, an activist among the Ukrainian prisoners of Vorkuta. After that, V. Zatvarsky visited her in Vorkuta, and she, in turn, arranged a meeting for him with H. Opaets and O. Vodyniuk. She last met with V. Zatvarsky in 1959 during his visit to her native village. She appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. From 1956 to the present, she has lived in her native village of Ozhydiv.
Dzhus, Stepan
Born in 1928 in Volyn to a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. For his participation in the Ukrainian liberation movement in the second half of the 1940s, he was arrested and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived in Inta. He was an active member of “Obyednannya”: he printed leaflets, hid the printing
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type, regularly paid membership dues (50 karbovantsi each), and carried out various other tasks. He was organizationally connected with P. Klymiuk, M. Hul, and Ya. Hasiuk. On February 11, 1960, the KGB found and seized a suitcase with printing equipment from him. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. After 1960, he left Inta for Ukraine. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Dovhoruk, Ivan
A resident of the village of Ivaniv, Kalynivka district, Vinnytsia oblast, married to V. Buchkovsky’s sister. He is connected to the “Obyednannya” case in the following way. V. Buchkovsky kept his archive with him until his wife Paraskevia transported it from Inta to Ukraine in 1962. There, she gave this archive for safekeeping to I. Dovhoruk, who in turn walled it up in the wall of a toilet, where it was stored until 1991. When the Soviet Union began to breathe its last, P. Buchkovska retrieved this archive and, through Yuriy Melnyk, passed it to Bohdan Khrystynych, the author of this essay, for further use. In our work, this archive is referred to as the archive of V. Buchkovsky.
Drahomyretsky, Yosyf
Born in 1923 into a peasant family in the village of Bodnariv, Kalush district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast. He had a secondary education (trade school). He went underground as early as 1942 because the Germans wanted to arrest him as an OUN activist. From then on, he was constantly in the underground (first in the UPA, and later in the OUN territorial network under the pseudonym “Halychanian”). He was captured by the Moscow-Bolshevik henchmen with the help of provocateurs in 1952 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1954, while still in prison, he managed to steal a passport, which was necessary for Semen Soroka’s escape from the camp. After being released from custody by a decision of the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (this was in 1956 or 1957), he was forced to continue living in Inta, Komi ASSR.
In 1958, on the instruction of the organization, namely V. Leoniuk, he traveled to the city of Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad oblast, to contact Yosyf Slabina.
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He carried out the task flawlessly and brought back from Y. Slabina exhaustive information about how he was caught with the leaflets by the KGB.
In 1971, he moved with his family to Ukraine and settled in his native village of Bodnariv. With the advent of the independent Ukrainian state, he took an active part in the public and political life of the village and district, particularly in the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA. He died in 1999. Incidentally, his wife Myroslava is the niece of the insurgent poet Marko Boieslav (Mykhailo Diachenko), who was a regional leader under the pseudonym “Homin,” and Y. Drahomyretsky himself was his liaison.
Zhovtiak, Dmytro
Born in 1926 in the village of Rudnyky, Sniatyn district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. In June 1944, he was conscripted into the army, from which he returned in January 1946. After demobilization, he became the leader of the OUN territorial network cell in his native village. He was arrested on November 24, 1947, and sentenced by the Special Council of the USSR Council of Ministers under Articles 54-1a, 11, and 9 to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. While in the camps, he always stood up for Ukrainian prisoners whenever necessary. In August 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for some time. He was an activist of “Obyednannya,” organizationally connected with Ya. Kobyletsky, V. Zatvarsky, and Ya. Hasiuk. He paid membership dues, kept organizational materials, typed leaflets on a typewriter, and performed other tasks. For example, in the vulcanization workshop of mine No. 9, where he worked, he equipped two secret compartments in which illegal organizational materials, the so-called organizational archive No. 2, were stored, including the program, charter, and a typewriter. These secret compartments were discovered by the KGB in December 1959, and all the materials from them were seized and attached to our case.
In 1958, he moved to Ukraine. At that time, he had an organizational meeting with B. Khrystynych at the Ivano-Frankivsk train station. A concussion he received in the mine helped him avoid arrest. He now lives in his native village, takes an active part in public and political life, particularly in the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA, where he serves as the cell leader.
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Zhukovska, Halyna (née Drahotiuk)
Born in 1928 in the village of Mlievo, Mlyniv district, Rivne oblast. Her parents were peasants. As a fourth-year student at a pedagogical college, she was arrested in 1950 for connection with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1955, she was released from custody following a review of her case.
After her release, she lived in Inta. In 1956, she married Yarema Zhukovsky, a member of “Obyednannya.” She was privy to her husband’s activities and helped him in every way in his underground work. Today, she lives with her family in the city of Melitopol, Zaporizhzhia oblast. She takes an active part in the public, political, and cultural life of the Ukrainians of Melitopol.
Zhukovsky, Yarema
Born in 1925 in the village of Dorofiivka, Pidvolochysk district, Ternopil oblast, into a nationally conscious peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. While serving in the army, he was arrested in 1951 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the Turkmen Military District to 25 years of imprisonment. The reason: connection with Ukrainian insurgents and preparation to flee abroad. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta.
He was one of the participants of the Constituent Assembly of “Obyednannya” in 1956. Throughout the entire period of our underground activity, he was its active co-participant: he regularly paid membership dues, hid organizational materials, helped in the production of the printing press, and participated in the meetings of the Steering Committee. He appeared as a witness in the case.
He now lives in Melitopol, Zaporizhzhia oblast. He takes an active part in public and political life: he is a member of “Prosvita,” a member of the Rukh, a member of the
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Ukrainian Cossacks, and an organizer of Ukrainian Orthodox communities of the Kyiv Patriarchate.
Zatvarska, Yevhenia (née Yadlovska)
Born in 1926 in the village of Zazdryist, Terebovlia district, Ternopil oblast, into a peasant family. She had an incomplete secondary education. She was arrested for her connection with the insurgents and in 1948 was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, she was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After her release, she lived in Inta, where she soon married V. Zatvarsky, one of the leading members of our organization. She was privy to the existence and activities of “Obyednannya.” She assisted her husband in every way in his underground work. She stayed in Inta for a long time (at first alone, when her husband was imprisoned, and later with her husband), until the Soviet Union began to collapse. Then she returned with her husband to Ukraine and settled in the city of Sambir, Lviv oblast, where she lives to this day.
Zatvarsky, Bohdan
Born in 1939 in the village of Stara Ropa, Staryi Sambir district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. He had a secondary education. He was made privy by V. Zatvarsky, his own brother, to the existence of an illegal Ukrainian nationalist organization fighting against the Bolshevik regime. He stored organizational literature. To this day, he has preserved a typewritten leaflet, “To the Ukrainian Young Man and Woman!,” authored by V. Zatvarsky. This leaflet was passed to B. Khrystynych, the author of this narrative.
Zatvarsky, Volodymyr
Born in 1931 in the village of Stara Ropa, Staryi Sambir district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. Education: 9 grades. He was arrested for his connection with the Ukrainian armed underground and sentenced in 1948 by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Drohobych oblast under Articles 54-1a and 54-11 to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in
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the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. He was released from imprisonment in 1956 according to a decision by the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
He was one of the initiators of the creation of “Obyednannya.” Together with B. Khrystynych, he developed the draft program and charter of our organization. He was a participant in the Constituent Assembly of “Obyednannya,” where he took an oath and was appointed, along with B. Khrystynych, to the propaganda referentura; he also took an active part in almost all meetings of the Steering Committee. On the instruction of the leader of “Obyednannya,” he tried to establish organizational ties with the Ukrainians of Vorkuta, brought a typewriter from Ukraine (from B. Khrystynych), and was the author of numerous reports and leaflets. He was directly associated with Ya. Hasiuk, B. Khrystynych, V. Vasylyk, Ya. Kobyletsky, D. Zhovtiak, and others.
In the case of our organization, he was arrested in September 1959 and sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR in October 1960 under Articles 1 and 9 of the Law on Particularly Dangerous State Crimes to 8 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence first in the Taishet camps, and later in the Mordovian camps.
After serving his term, he lived and worked in Inta. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, he returned to Ukraine and now lives with his wife in the city of Sambir, Lviv oblast, where he takes an active part in public and political life.
Zvarych, Volodymyr
Born in 1919 in the village of Ozerna, Zboriv district, Ternopil oblast, into a conscious peasant family. He had a higher education, having graduated from the Faculty of History of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University. In the summer of 1942, he was arrested by the Germans for belonging to the OUN and imprisoned in German concentration camps, where he remained until May 1945. After leaving the German concentration camps, he settled in Lviv, where he married B. Khrystynych’s sister. His apartment was effectively a kind of contact point for the members and supporters of “Obyednannya.” B. Stefaniuk, V. Vasylyk, V. Zatvarsky, V. Buchkovsky, and others visited here. He was privy to the existence of
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our organization and supported its members in every way according to his abilities and possibilities.
On June 1, 1959, officers of the Kyiv KGB detained B. Khrystynych in Lviv. For a whole day, Lieutenant Colonel Guzeev, deputy head of the investigative department of the KGB of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, tried to break him and force him to give testimony, but without success. When he was released late at night, he went to spend the night with V. Zvarych. There, he told his brother-in-law in detail about the dangerous situation that hung over him and his family. V. Zvarych listened to him attentively and expressed his full support, approving of the line of conduct he had chosen. This good advice in a difficult moment helped B. Khrystynych to hold his ground with dignity during the investigation. V. Zvarych died in 1998.
Zvarych, Kalyna (née Khrystynych)
Born in 1925 in the village of Ozerna, Zboriv district, Ternopil oblast, into a peasant family. She had a higher education. She was the sister of B. Khrystynych, an activist of “Obyednannya.” Of course, it was no secret to her that he was engaged in anti-Soviet activities. Therefore, her apartment in Lviv was always open to the members of the organization. They knew well that they could contact her brother Bohdan through her at any time. After his arrest, the Chekists conducted a search of her home and interrogated her, but learned nothing. She currently lives in Lviv.
Ivasyk, Roman
A native of Lviv, an engineer. Born in 1929 into a working-class family. From 1956 to 1959, he had close relations with B. Khrystynych, who informed him of the existence of the nationalist underground organization “Obyednannya.” R. Ivasyk agreed to take part in the work of this organization. In particular, he was to prepare a room in his house for our printing press. This was to be a cellar with a secret entrance. He could have carried out the planned idea unnoticed, as he was just then starting to build his own house. But the arrest of B. Khrystynych and his like-minded associates thwarted all these plans. R. Ivasyk now lives in Lviv and takes an active part in the public and political life of our city.
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Klymiuk, Petro
Born in 1927 in the village of Pasichna, Nadvirna district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a poor peasant family. In 1948, for his connection with the Ukrainian armed underground, he was arrested by the Bolshevik punitive forces and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for several years. He was one of the most active members of our organization; a participant in the Constituent Assembly of “Obyednannya,” where he took an oath and was appointed treasurer of the organization. He took part in almost all meetings of the Steering Committee and regularly paid membership dues. In the spring of 1959, he brought an organizational package (literature, money, a coded letter) to Lviv for B. Khrystynych, which he gave to D. Melnyk. For a certain time, he kept the printing press at his home and printed leaflets. In the summer of 1959, when he was going on vacation, on the instruction of Ya. Hasiuk, he handed over the printing press, type, stereotypes, leaflets, etc., for safekeeping to Ya. Kopach. He appeared as a witness in the case.
Some time after the crackdown on “Obyednannya,” P. Klymiuk, along with his wife and children, left for Ukraine, where in 1962 he settled in the town of Sosnivka, Lviv oblast. He died in 1995 after a serious illness.
Klymiuk, Sofia (née Izhevska)
Born in 1926 in the village of Lahodiv, Brody district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. She had a primary education. She was arrested for her connection with the underground in August 1948 and the following year was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. She was released from custody on June 1, 1955, on the grounds that the Military Tribunal of the Carpathian Military District had reduced her sentence to 5 years.
After her release, she lived and worked in Inta, where in 1956 she married P. Klymiuk, an active member of “Obyednannya,” who recruited her as a supporter of
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our organization. She was a good helper to her husband (hiding organizational materials, standing guard during meetings, etc.). In 1960, she left Inta for Ukraine. After long tribulations, in 1962, she settled with her husband in the town of Sosnivka, Lviv oblast, where she resides to this day. A member of the Union of Political Prisoners of Ukraine.
Kobyletska, Stefania (née Slipak)
Born in 1928 into a nationally conscious family in the village of Mshana, Horodok district, Lviv oblast. She had a secondary education. She was brought up under the direct influence of Father Mykola Khmelovksy. In 1949, she was arrested for her connection with the Ukrainian armed underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. She was released in the summer of 1956 by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After her release, she lived in Inta, where she married Ya. Kobyletsky, an activist of “Obyednannya,” who recruited her as a supporter of our organization. She selflessly helped her husband in his illegal work. She was his protection and support. In 1960, after her husband’s arrest, she moved to her native village in the Lviv region, where her husband joined her after serving his sentence. She died in 1993 after a long and serious illness.
Kobyletsky, Yaroslav
Born in 1928 into a nationally conscious peasant family in the village of Yasenytsia Silna, Drohobych district, Lviv oblast. He had a secondary education, having graduated from a pedagogical school. He was arrested in October 1949, and in 1950 was sentenced by a decree of the Special Council of the USSR Council of Ministers to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. While in the camps, he was always the life of the party, a support to his friends—in a word, a man with a sense of both personal and national dignity. In 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
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After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. He was one of the initiators of the creation of “Obyednannya,” a participant in the Constituent Assembly of our organization, where he took an oath and was appointed deputy leader of “Obyednannya.” He participated in meetings of the Steering Committee, regularly paid membership dues, wrote reports, and helped set up the printing press, that is, he practically implemented the instructions of our organization.
In the “Obyednannya” case, he was arrested on July 1, 1960, and sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR on October 10, 1960, to 5 years of imprisonment (under Articles 1 and 9 of the Law on Particularly Dangerous State Crimes). He served his sentence in the Mordovian concentration camps. After completing his term of imprisonment, he came to his wife in the village of Mshana, Horodok district, Lviv oblast. With the advent of the independent Ukrainian state, he became the soul of the village’s public and political life. The villagers elected him village head twice. Ya. Kobyletsky was an active member of the OUN. He died tragically in 1997.
Kopach, Yaroslav
Born around 1927 into a peasant family in the Lviv region. He had an incomplete secondary education. He was a participant in the Ukrainian armed underground. Captured by the Bolshevik punitive forces in the second half of the 1940s, he was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR.
After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. He was a supporter of “Obyednannya,” directly associated with P. Klymiuk and Ya. Hasiuk. When P. Klymiuk went on vacation in 1959, he handed over the printing press, printing equipment, leaflets, and all other organizational literature to Ya. Kopach for safekeeping, on the instruction of Ya. Hasiuk, the leader of “Obyednannya.” All these items were found by the KGB in his shed on February 8, 1960, and attached as material evidence to our case file. Ya. Kopach appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. In 1970, he left Inta for the Donbas. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Korol, Ivan
Born in 1925 in Lemkivshchyna near Sanok (today in Poland). His parents were peasants. He had a primary education. As a UPA fighter, he took part in the armed struggle in the Zakerzonnia region. In 1946, he was captured by the Bolshevik
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punitive forces and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR, particularly in Inta. He was released from custody after completing his sentence. During his time in the camps, he became disabled. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. He was a supporter of “Obyednannya” and supported the organization financially. He was directly associated with Ya. Kobyletsky, V. Zatvarsky, and D. Zhovtiak. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Kravchuk, Ivan
Born around 1930 into a peasant family in the village of Mezhyricchia, Sokal district, Lviv oblast. He had a primary education. He was arrested for connections with the OUN underground and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. He was released from custody in 1956. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta.
In late 1956, he brought B. Khrystynych an organizational letter (from Ya. Hasiuk and V. Leoniuk). Being in close relations with members of “Obyednannya,” S. Olenchuk and V. Leoniuk, he was a sympathizer of our organization. Incidentally, the latter tried to establish contact with the underground through him, but without success. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case.
Krokhmaliuk, Ivanna
Born in 1922 into a peasant family in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. She had an incomplete secondary education. She was a participant in the Ukrainian nationalist underground. Arrested by the Moscow-Bolshevik punitive forces and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. She was released from custody in 1956. After her release, she lived and worked in Inta.
As a supporter of “Obyednannya,” she was associated with Ya. Kobyletsky and V. Zatvarsky. The latter sent her to Vorkuta to see H. Opaets. She took OUN ideological and training materials and some old non-Soviet publications to the Vorkuta members. Her subsequent fate is unknown.
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Kulyk, Bohdan
Born in 1926 into a nationally conscious peasant family in the village of Mistky, Pustomyty district, Lviv oblast. He had an incomplete secondary education. A participant in the armed underground, he was arrested in 1945 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. His entire family was exiled to Siberia. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR, particularly Inta. He was released in late 1955 after serving a ten-year term of imprisonment.
After his release, he lived and worked in Inta until 1991. His sister I. Leoniuk and her husband V. Leoniuk, both active members of our organization, lived with him in his apartment. Due to these circumstances, B. Kulyk was privy to the activities of “Obyednannya.” In 1957–1959, meetings of members and activists of our organization took place in this apartment. Our underground printing press also operated here for some time. After V. Leoniuk’s arrest, the KGB interrogated him three times, but learned nothing from him. He currently lives in the village of Ternopillia, Mykolaiv district, Lviv oblast.
Kushka, Anastasia (née Zin)
Born in 1928 in the village of Kolodentsi, Kamianka-Buzka district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. She had an incomplete secondary education. She lived with her older sister Natalka. Her brother Vasyl was sentenced in 1946 to 10 years of imprisonment. He died in 1951 in the Karaganda concentration camps. For connections with the underground, and primarily for the presence of a *kryivka* (bunker) on their property, she and her sister were arrested in the late 1940s, and the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast sentenced them to 25 years of imprisonment. She was released from the camps in 1955. After the release of her fellow villager Andriy Kushka, she married him. She was privy to her husband’s membership in the underground organization and assisted him in every way. She currently lives with her husband in the town of Kamianka-Buzka, Lviv oblast. A member of the Union of Political Prisoners of Ukraine.
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Kushka, Andriy
Born in 1932 in the village of Kolodentsi, Kamianka-Buzka district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. He was a second-year student at the Lviv Polytechnic Institute. He was arrested for participation in the youth organization “Detachment of Young Insurgents,” distribution of nationalist leaflets, and connection with underground members, and was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR reduced his sentence to 8 years. He was released from custody in January 1957. A member of “Obyednannya.” He was directly associated with B. Khrystynych and Y. Slabina.
After his release, he left for Ukraine, but since he was not allowed to live in the western regions of Ukraine, he was forced to settle in the city of Makiivka, Donetsk oblast. He moved to the Lviv region only in 1967 and settled in the town of Kamianka-Buzka, Lviv oblast, where he lives with his family to this day. From the first days of the establishment of the Ukrainian state, he actively joined the public and political life of the town and district. He is an activist of the Union of Political Prisoners of Ukraine.
Kushlyk, Demian
Born in 1910 in the town of Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a nationally conscious family. He had a higher education: an engineer. He was an old member of the OUN even before 1939. With the arrival of the Bolsheviks in 1944, he was left in a legal position. He was arrested in late 1945 and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR, particularly in Inta.
While in the camps, he told Ya. Hasiuk how in 1944, on the instruction of leading OUN figures, he traveled to see M. Rylsky with the aim of persuading him to cooperate with the Ukrainian nationalist underground, to which Rylsky replied: “Boys, I am on a very narrow path, from which I cannot turn right or left. I can’t help you in any practical way. I am needed here.”
He was released from custody after completing his sentence
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in late 1955. After his release, he lived in Inta and worked as the head of the boiler room at mine No. 1. In the 1970s, he left for Kalush, where he died in the mid-1980s.
He was privy to the existence and activities of “Obyednannya” and was a convinced supporter of our organization. Both in the camps and after his release, he conducted active educational work in his circle. He was associated with Ya. Hasiuk and P. Klymiuk.
Lanova, Maria
Born in 1927 in the Lanivtsi district, Ternopil oblast, into a peasant family. She had a primary education. For her participation in the Ukrainian underground movement (she was a liaison) in the second half of the 1940s, she was arrested and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, she was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After her release, she lived in Inta for some time. Initially, V. Zatvarsky maintained contact with H. Opaets, who then lived in Vorkuta, through her. She later married H. Opaets. The KGB interrogated her in the “Obyednannya” case, but without success.
Levynsky, Roman
Born in 1928 in the village of Zazdryist, Terebovlia district, Ternopil oblast, into a peasant family. He had a primary education. Due to his refusal to participate in the so-called destroyer battalion, which was used in the fight against Ukrainian insurgents-Banderites, he was forced to go underground. He had connections with the underground. In 1948, he was arrested and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.
A supporter of “Obyednannya”: he supported the organization financially. Associated with V. Zatvarsky, Ya. Kobyletsky, and D. Zhovtiak. After his release, he left for Ukraine after some time. He died several years ago.
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Leoniuk, Iryna (née Kulyk)
Born in 1930 in the village of Mistky, Pustomyty district, Lviv oblast, into a nationally conscious peasant family. She had a secondary education. In 1947, the Bolshevik punitive forces deported her along with her parents and sisters to the Kemerovo oblast, Russian Federation. The reason was that her brother Bohdan had been arrested in 1945 for participation in the Ukrainian armed underground and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment.
After her brother’s release in 1955, she came to him in Inta, Komi ASSR. There, in 1957, she married V. Leoniuk, one of the leaders of “Obyednannya.” She was an activist of our organization: she hid various organizational materials (underground literature, a typewriter, the printing press), and typed various materials on the typewriter, including several hundred leaflets.
After her husband’s arrest, she moved to her sisters, who, having returned from Siberia, had settled in the village of Ternopillia, Mykolaiv district, Lviv oblast, where she lives to this day with her husband.
Leoniuk, Volodymyr
A Ukrainian from the Berestia region. Born in 1932 in the Ukrainian ethnographic territory that is now part of the Belarusian state, in the village of Krytyshyn, Ivanivsky district, Brest oblast, to a family of simple Polissian peasants. He had a secondary education. The Ukrainian armed underground held out for a very long time in the Berestia region. It is not for nothing that these lands are considered the cradle of the UPA. All this had a considerable influence on the formation of the worldview of the young, inquisitive youth. He promoted the idea of the liberation of the Ukrainian people from the Moscow-Bolshevik yoke, the idea of the unity of the Berestia region with Ukraine, and distributed nationalist leaflets. The results were not long in coming. In 1952, he was arrested and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of Inta, Komi ASSR. While in the camps, he was always at the center of Ukrainian rebellion. He was one of the initiators of the creation of the underground nationalist organization
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“Obyednannya.” A participant in the Constituent Assembly of our organization, where he took an oath and was appointed deputy leader. Throughout the entire period of “Obyednannya’s” activity, he was the engine of our organization. The publication of typewritten collections, the equipping of the printing press, and the production and distribution of leaflets—all this was largely the result of his efforts.
He was arrested in July 1959. He was sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR on October 10, 1960, to 12 years of imprisonment under Articles 1 and 9 of the Law on Particularly Dangerous State Crimes. He served his sentence in the Mordovian concentration camps. After completing his term of imprisonment, he came to his wife and settled with her in the village of Ternopillia, Mykolaiv district, Lviv oblast, where he lives to this day. With the help of his fellow countrymen from Berestia, he prepared and published the fundamental work *Slovnyk Beresteyshchyny* (Dictionary of the Berestia Region). This is a reference book of an encyclopedic nature. He constantly maintains contact with the Ukrainians of Berestia.
Lepekh, Petro
Born in 1928 in the village of Bezbrudy, Krasne district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. During the war, he was for some time in the “Galicia” Division. In 1946, he was arrested for participation in the Ukrainian nationalist underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR (first in Vorkuta, and later in Inta).
He was released from custody after completing his sentence. In 1956, during his trip to the Lviv region, on the instruction of Ya. Hasiuk, he was to ascertain the possibility of establishing contact with the underground and to obtain blank passport forms. But, as it turned out, it was impossible to carry out these tasks: at that time, the underground was no longer active in his home region, and passport forms were very strictly accounted for. Upon his arrival from Ukraine, he took part in a meeting where he reported in detail on the situation in Ukraine and the specific results of his trip. This meeting took place before the organizational formation of “Obyednannya” at the former checkpoint of camp No. 1, the so-called first “mining” camp. At that time, it was already a residential building where D. Kushlyk lived. P. Lepekh also visited Vorkuta, from where he brought Ya. Hasiuk two addresses for contacts with the Vorkuta Ukrainians.
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After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for over a year, and then left for Ukraine to his native village. There, in late 1956, he had an organizational meeting with V. Zatvarsky. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. He died several years ago.
Maksymets, Ihor
Born in 1929 in Ivano-Frankivsk into a working-class family. He had a secondary education. He was arrested around 1949 for connections with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Dzhezkazgan concentration camps, Karaganda oblast, then in a closed prison, and finally in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
While in the camps, he was active, knew many members and supporters of “Obyednannya,” but did not belong to it. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case, favorable to the KGB. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for some time, but soon left for Ukraine and settled in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, where he graduated from the medical institute and worked as a doctor. He died several years ago.
Maksymchuk, Dmytro
Born around 1925 in the village of Novoselky, Zabolotiv district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. He was a participant in the armed Ukrainian underground. He was arrested in 1949 and sentenced by a military tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. He was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1956. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. He was privy to the existence of our organization and supported it financially. He also helped D. Zhovtiak in an attempt to cast letters for our printing press. He was associated with V. Slyvyak, V. Zatvarsky, and D. Zhovtiak.
Maksymiuk, Mykhailo
Born around 1918 in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. He had a secondary education. He was a member of the OUN and a participant in the armed Ukrainian underground
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(referent of the Security Service of the Sniatyn or Kolomyia district). He was captured by the Bolsheviks in the mid-1940s and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Vorkuta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. After his release from custody, he lived in Vorkuta.
In 1956–1957, he had several meetings with V. Zatvarsky. During one of these meetings, in the presence of the latter, he wrote down from memory the “Training of the OUN Security Service.” V. Zatvarsky took this record and had it typed. Incidentally, one of the typewritten copies of that “Training” is in our case files. M. Maksymiuk was well-informed about the existence of the Inta nationalist organization “Obyednannya.” After familiarizing himself with the program and charter of our organization, he even made his own comments on these documents. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Malyshevsky, Fedir
A native of the Rivne region. A countryman of A. Bulavsky. He was arrested and convicted for connections with the underground. After his release from places of imprisonment, he settled in the Kirovohrad region. In October 1957, A. Bulavsky gave him several dozen leaflets (“To the Citizen!” and “To the Collective Farmer!”), brought by K. Banatsky from Inta, for distribution. At the trial, F. Malyshevsky stated that he did not distribute the received leaflets but destroyed them. But what really happened is now difficult to establish.
Martynets, Yosyf
Born in 1927 in the town of Bohorodchany, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast. He studied at the physics and mathematics faculty of the Ivano-Frankivsk Pedagogical Institute. In 1948, he was arrested for his connection with the underground and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. Having become disabled in the camps, he was released early in 1955.
After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for some time, but soon left for Ukraine and settled in his native Bohorodchany. He was associated with P. Lepekh and Ya. Hasiuk. He died in 2001.
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Melnyk, Daria
Born in 1931 in the village of Shehyni, Mostyska district, Lviv oblast. She had an incomplete higher education. In 1958, V. Buchkovsky arranged with her (she was then living with her parents in Lviv) that she would pass on to B. Khrystynych everything that would be brought for him from Inta. Thus, a kind of contact point was established at her residence.
In the early summer of 1959, P. Klymiuk brought organizational mail (a coded letter, leaflets, money) to her from Inta. But B. Khrystynych was unable to collect these items, as KGB agents were tailing him relentlessly. These items were later seized by the investigative bodies during a search. D. Melnyk appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. In 1986, she married B. Khrystynych and lives with him in Lviv to this day.
Melnyk, Yuriy
Born in 1929 in the village of Shehyni, Mostyska district, Lviv oblast, into a worker-peasant family. He was a fourth-year student at the Lviv Polytechnic Institute. He was arrested in April 1952 for participation in a student nationalist organization and connections with the underground and was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Taishet concentration camps. He was released from custody in 1957 (a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR reduced his sentence).
Upon his release, he immediately left for Ukraine and, after long wanderings, settled in Kryvyi Rih. In 1958, he met V. Buchkovsky, with whom he had served his sentence in Taishet. The latter, in turn, made him privy to the existence of “Obyednannya” and recruited him as a supporter of our organization. He currently lives in the city of Lviv. A member of the Union of Political Prisoners of Ukraine.
Muzychko, Mykhailo
Born in 1929 in the village of Rekshyn, Berezhany district, Ternopil oblast, into a peasant family. He had a secondary pedagogical education.
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He was arrested in the late 1940s for his connection with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Ternopil oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR.
After his release, he was forced to live and work in Inta. In 1956–1958, he was an active supporter of “Obyednannya” (he supported the organization financially and distributed literature). He was organizationally connected with Ya. Kobyletsky, I. Shahai, R. Levynsky, and S. Havryliuk. In the 1970s, he left for Ukraine and settled in the city of Drohobych, Lviv oblast, where he died in 1985.
Novak, Osyp
Born around 1916 in Lemkivshchyna. He was a priest in a parish neighboring V. Zatvarsky’s native village. In 1949, for refusing to convert to Orthodoxy, he was exiled to Siberia. In 1956, he returned from exile. From 1956 to 1959, he was in close relations with V. Zatvarsky, supplying him with all kinds of information and various non-Soviet publications. He was informed about the existence and activities of the illegal anti-Bolshevik organization, that is, “Obyednannya,” and was its convinced supporter. With the arrest of V. Zatvarsky, their contacts ceased.
Olenych, Stepan
Born in 1930 in the village of Karpylivka, Rivne oblast, into a peasant family. Education: 5 grades. He was arrested in the late 1940s for participation in the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he arrived in Ukraine and settled in the village of Adzhamka, Kirovohrad oblast. On the night of November 5, 1957, he helped H. Riabchun to distribute over 100 leaflets (“To the Collective Farmer!” and “To the Citizen!”) in the village of Adzhamka, where he himself lived. He was arrested by the KGB on March 2, 1959, and on April 29, 1960, the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR sentenced him to 3 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Mordovian concentration camps. After serving his term, he left for Ukraine. His subsequent fate is unknown.
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Olenych, Stepan
Born in 1930 in the village of Bobiatyn, Sokal district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. He had a primary education. For his connection with the OUN underground, he was arrested in 1949 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR (first in Vorkuta, and then in Inta). In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he lived in Inta for over a year. A member of “Obyednannya.” Directly associated with V. Leoniuk and Ya. Zhukovsky. He paid membership dues and carried out various organizational tasks. In 1957, he left for the Lviv region to his parents. His subsequent fate is unknown.
Opaets, Hryhoriy
Born around 1918 in Bukovyna into a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. He was a participant in the Ukrainian armed underground, a platoon commander in the UPA. He was captured by the Moscow-Bolshevik punitive forces in 1947 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Chernivtsi oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR (first in Inta, and later in Vorkuta). While in the Inta camps, he was on friendly terms with V. Zatvarsky. They discussed the issue of fighting against the Moscow imperial regime more than once.
Hryhoriy Opaets, released from custody in the summer of 1955, was in Vorkuta in special settlement. V. Zatvarsky, in the early days after his release from the camps, maintained contact with him through an Inta resident, Maria Lanova, and later traveled to see him in Vorkuta himself. H. Opaets was privy to the affairs of “Obyednannya.” It was he who was the person through whom V. Zatvarsky tried to establish organizational ties with the Ukrainian community of Vorkuta, but for various reasons, the final goal was not achieved.
Ostrovska, Olha
Born in 1936 in the village of Bartativ, Horodok district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. At that time, she was a student at one of the Lviv institutes and a relative of Ya. Hasiuk’s wife. On his instruction, she purchased for the organization’s needs photographic film, photographic paper, ink, acid, and
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other items necessary for printing. The organization allocated 200 karbovantsi for the purchase of these items. She, of course, knew that she was carrying out a dangerous task, as the items she purchased were needed for illegal anti-Soviet activities. She appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. She currently lives in the town of Staryi Sambir, Lviv oblast.
Prystupa, Ivan
Born around 1925 in Volyn into a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. For participation in the underground in the late 1940s, he was arrested and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. He was recruited as a supporter of our organization by P. Klymiuk and supported the organization financially. In the late 1960s, he left for Ukraine and settled with his family in the city of Fastiv, Kyiv oblast, where he lives to this day. With the advent of the Ukrainian state, he actively joined public and political life. A member of the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA.
Riabchun, Hryhoriy
Born in 1918 in the village of Miatyn, Rivne oblast, into a peasant family. In the second half of the 1940s, he was arrested for participation in the Ukrainian armed underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. In 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he arrived in Ukraine and settled in the village of Adzhamka, Kirovohrad oblast.
On the night of November 5, 1957, on the instruction of A. Bulavsky and with the help of his countryman S. Olenych, he distributed over 100 leaflets (“To the Collective Farmer!” and “To the Citizen!”) in the territory of the village of Adzhamka. He was arrested on March 2, 1959, and on April 29, 1960, he was sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR to 3 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Mordovian concentration camps. His subsequent fate is unknown.
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Salamakha, Bohdan
Born in 1927 in the village of Bezbrudy, Busk district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. In 1942, he moved with his parents to Lviv. Here he studied at the Minor Theological Seminary, and in June 1944, he joined the Ukrainian Youth Anti-Aircraft Defense (a preparatory youth military formation for the “Galicia” Division). After training in France and Germany, he became an anti-aircraft gunner. On May 4, 1945, he was captured by the Americans, who then handed him over to the Soviet army. Together with his brother Volodymyr, he escaped to the repatriates and returned home as a repatriate. In the autumn of 1945, he entered the light industry technical school, but in February 1946, he was arrested, and on April 9, 1946, the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast sentenced him to 10 years of imprisonment.
He served his sentence first in camps in the Donetsk oblast, and in 1947, he was sent to the Far Eastern camps (Nakhodka Bay). There he contracted spinal tuberculosis and was sent to the Taishet central camp hospital, where he underwent surgery in 1953. As a result, he became a first-group invalid. Incidentally, he met V. Buchkovsky in the hospital. In 1955, he was released from custody due to his disability.
After his release, he came to Lviv, finished evening high school, and entered a medical college. In 1957, V. Buchkovsky recruited him as a supporter of “Obyednannya.” He was associated with V. Buchkovsky and his brother Volodymyr. He lives in Lviv.
Salamakha, Volodymyr
Born in 1929 in the village of Bezbrudy, Busk district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. In 1942, he moved with his parents to Lviv. He often traveled to his native village, where he communicated with underground members, in particular, helping them build *kryivkas* (bunkers). At the same time, he studied at a trade school, and in June 1944, he joined the Ukrainian Youth Anti-Aircraft Defense (a preparatory youth military formation for the “Galicia” Division). After training
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in France and Germany, he became an anti-aircraft gunner. On May 4, 1945, he fell into American captivity. The Americans handed the prisoners over to the Soviet troops. Together with his brother Bohdan, they escaped to the repatriates and returned to Lviv as repatriates.
In October 1945, he became a student at the light industry technical school, but in February 1946, he was arrested and on April 9, 1946, was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence initially in the Krasnoyarsk camps (the city of Kansk), and from 1951 in the special camp “Steplag” (the city of Balkhash, Karaganda oblast). He was released in 1954 as a juvenile prisoner.
After his release, he came to Lviv, began working at a factory, and simultaneously studied at an evening high school, and later enrolled in the evening department of the Lviv Polytechnic Institute. In 1957, V. Buchkovsky recruited him as a supporter of “Obyednannya.” He was associated with V. Buchkovsky, B. Khrystynych, and his brother Bohdan. He and his family permanently reside in Lviv. With the advent of the independent Ukrainian state, he takes an active part in the public and political life of the Ukrainian people.
Semeniuk, Dmytro
Born in 1928 in the village of Rakovets, Kolomyia district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a peasant family. He was a student at Chernivtsi University. He was arrested in 1949 for his connection with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for some time, and then left for Ukraine. He was a supporter of our organization and supported it financially. He was directly associated with Ya. Kobyletsky and D. Zhovtiak. He currently lives in the city of Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast.
Syskov, A. H.
A native of the Rivne oblast, a close countryman of A. Bulavsky. A former prisoner of the Stalinist concentration camps. In October 1957, A. Bulavsky gave him a small number of leaflets (“To the Collective Farmer!” and “To the Citizen!”) for distribution. Syskov appeared as a witness in A. Bulavsky’s case.
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Both during the investigation and at the trial, he claimed that he did not distribute the received leaflets but destroyed them. But what really happened is unknown.
Slabina, Anna (née Vytvytska)
Born around 1908 in the village of Vytvytsia, Bolekhiv district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a peasant family. She had a primary education. The mother of “Obyednannya” member Y. Slabina. In 1956, after her son’s release, she came to him and settled with him in the city of Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad oblast. When Y. Slabina was caught with leaflets, he sent her to B. Khrystynych to inform him of the situation. She, having bought a ticket to Lviv, boarded a train and left. But during the journey, plainclothes KGB agents stunned her with a blow to the head, removed her from the train, searched her scrupulously, and placed her in a hospital, where she was under the strict supervision of KGB agents. A few days later, they forced her to return to her son. There she was ill for a long time as a result of the head injury she received. After her son’s arrest in 1959, she remained in Oleksandriia. Her subsequent fate is unknown.
Slabina, Yosyf
Born in 1928 in the village of Vytvytsia, Bolekhiv district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a peasant family. He had an incomplete secondary education. He was arrested in 1951 for his connection with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Stanislav oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Even before his release, he became a member of “Obyednannya,” took an oath, and paid membership dues. He was organizationally connected with B. Khrystynych, V. Leoniuk, A. Kushka, and A. Bulavsky. After his release, he left for Ukraine and settled in the city of Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad oblast. In early November 1957, he distributed about 150 leaflets (“To the Citizen!” and “To the Collective Farmer!”), brought by K. Banatsky from Inta, in the territory of the settlements adjacent to the construction area of the Kremenchuk hydroelectric power station. But in January 1958, he was detained by KGB agents on a train at the
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Zhmerynka station. 242 leaflets were seized from him. Having invented a story that a person was supposed to come to him for further contact, he gave fictitious consent to cooperate with the state security agencies. Therefore, he was not arrested but left at liberty in order to thus identify the “liaisons” he had invented, who were supposed to come to him.
The further course of events was as follows. Y. Slabina sends his mother to Lviv to inform B. Khrystynych about the failure with the leaflets. But the Chekists did not let her go to Lviv. After stunning her with a blow to the head, they took her off the train and returned her to Oleksandriia. But he still managed, through Y. Drahomyretsky, to inform our organization in Inta about everything that had happened to him. On January 29, 1959, he was arrested, and on April 29, 1960, he was sentenced by a collegium of the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR to 7 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence first in Taishet, and later in Mordovia. After serving his term, he returned to Oleksandriia, where he apparently lives to this day.
Slyvyak, Volodymyr
Born in 1926 in the village of Yasenytsia Silna, Drohobych district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. He had a secondary pedagogical education. For his connection with the Ukrainian insurgent movement, he was arrested in October 1949 and at the beginning of the next year was sentenced by the Special Council of the USSR Council of Ministers to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for over two years. A member of “Obyednannya,” a participant in a number of illegal gatherings, including the Constituent Assembly of our organization, where he took an oath along with all the other participants. He regularly paid membership dues and carried out all sorts of organizational tasks. He was associated with Ya. Kobyletsky, V. Zatvarsky, and Ya. Hasiuk. After leaving Inta, he settled with his wife in the village of Kholodnovidka, Pustomyty district, Lviv oblast. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. In the 1980s, he died tragically in a car accident.
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Slyvyak, Yulia (née Lisna)
Born in 1929 on the territory of modern Poland in the village of Hnatkovychi, Peremyshl povit, into a peasant family. Education: 7 grades. In 1945, she was forcibly resettled to the territory of Soviet Ukraine (the village of Kholodnovidka, Pustomyty district, Lviv oblast). In 1950, for cooperation with the underground, she was sentenced by the Special Council of the Council of Ministers of the USSR to 7 years of imprisonment. Her entire family was also sentenced at that time. The reason was that people from R. Shukhevych’s circle had direct contact with this family. She served her sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR (Lemyu, Inta). After serving her sentence, in April 1956, she married V. Slyvyak, a member of “Obyednannya.” She helped him in every way (hiding a typewriter, storing organizational literature). In 1959, she left with her husband for Ukraine and settled in the village of Kholodnovidka, Pustomyty district, Lviv oblast, where she lives to this day.
Soroka, Pavlyna (Lina)
Born in 1927 in the village of Selyska, Peremyshl povit, on the territory of modern Poland, into a nationally conscious family. She had an incomplete secondary education. A member of the OUN underground (pseudonym “Halyna”). She was on the illegal list since February 1945. She was constantly in the Zakerzonnia region (tactical sector “Bastion”). The Poles captured her during Operation Vistula and handed her over to the Muscovites. And the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast in 1948 sentenced her to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. Her parents died in exile, and her brother Myroslav (“Ptakh”) died in 1949 in the village of Matiivka, Torchyn district, Volyn oblast. He was in the guard of “Orlan,” the regional propaganda referent. Her second brother, Teodor, captured by the Bolsheviks, disappeared without a trace.
In the summer of 1956, a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, by its decision, reduced her previous sentence, as a result of which she was released from custody in 1957. Lina Soroka was an ideological and convinced sympathizer of “Obyednannya.” She was directly associated with
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Ya. Kobyletsky and V. Zatvarsky. A significant portion of the typewritten materials of our organization was the work of her hands (she was a professional typist and stenographer).
After her release, she lived in Inta until the collapse of the Moscow-Bolshevik empire. In 1992, she left for Ukraine and settled in Stryi, Lviv oblast, where she died on June 7, 2001.
Soroka, Semen
Born in 1928 in the village of Krychylsk, Sarny district, Rivne oblast, into a peasant family. He was a student at the Kostopil College of Agricultural Mechanization (a second-year student). He was arrested in early 1952 for distributing nationalist leaflets and for participating in the youth underground group known as the Krychylsk Youth OUN (K. Banatsky, Stepan Soroka, and others), and on August 26, 1952, he was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR.
In October 1954, he, along with a group of comrades numbering 7 people, escaped from the work zone of mine No. 11. While working in the mine, they dug a tunnel from a ventilation drift to the tundra. This cost them 7 months of hard, exhausting work, as they had to both meet their quotas and dig the tunnel. On the night of October 4–5, 1954, they found themselves in the tundra beyond the barbed wire. Here they split up. The main group of 6 people went into the tundra, where they were quickly caught, while S. Soroka went to the Inta railway station, boarded a train (he had a ticket bought in advance), and arrived in Ukraine. But a year and two months later, he was arrested again and sent to the Vorkuta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. From there, he was released from custody by a decision of a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1958 after very complex Chekist manipulations (he was first released, then arrested again, and a few months later, finally released).
Thus, despite all the machinations of the Moscow-Bolshevik henchmen, S. Soroka was able to return to Ukraine permanently in late 1958. He was always our like-minded supporter and an ideological sympathizer of our organization. He currently lives with his
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family in the city of Kirovohrad. With the advent of the independent Ukrainian state, he takes an active part in Ukrainian public and political life.
Soroka, Stepan
Born in 1930 in the village of Krychylsk, Sarny district, Rivne oblast, into a simple peasant family. He was a student at the Kyiv Institute of Hydro-amelioration. He was arrested in the spring of 1952 for participation in the underground youth group known as the Krychylsk Youth OUN, distribution of nationalist leaflets, and connection with the OUN underground. Incidentally, he fell for a Chekist provocation. He was arrested with leaflets and placed in the Sarny prison. During the investigation, he claimed that he had found the leaflets by chance. Then he was brought to Krychylsk to conduct a so-called on-site investigative experiment. The road to the village led through a forest. In the forest, they were attacked by provocateurs disguised as insurgents, who “rescued” Stepan. He believed that they were real Banderite insurgents and told them the whole truth, which they meticulously recorded. Then the pseudo-Banderites were attacked by Chekists, Stepan was captured along with the protocols, and the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast sentenced him to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR (first in Vorkuta, and later in Inta).
In the summer of 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he left for Ukraine and settled in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv oblast. When K. Banatsky brought leaflets from Inta, he settled in the same house where his comrade already lived. Of course, S. Soroka was a supporter of our organization and was fully privy to the leaflet affair. In our opinion, the appearance of “Obyednannya” leaflets in the city of Sarny was his doing. In early 1958, he was arrested, and the decision of the commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on his release was revoked. He served his sentence in the camps of Chuna, Mordovia, and Vsesvyatska.
After his release in 1979, he immediately left for Ukraine. It should be noted that he engaged in scientific research throughout his life. With the advent of Ukrainian independence, he actively joined public and political life: he was a member of the UGS, URP, NRU, and “Prosvita.” He recently lived in the city of Sarny, where he was a deputy of the district council. He died in 1999.
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Stefaniuk, Bohdan
Born in 1930 in the village of Subotiv, Halych district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, into a peasant family. He was a fourth-year student of the physics and mathematics department of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University. He was arrested in April 1952 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast for participation in an underground student nationalist group and for writing anti-Soviet poems to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps (Minlag MVD of the Komi ASSR). He took an active part in the preparatory measures for the creation of “Obyednannya” and was a participant in the first organizational meetings. He was associated with B. Khrystynych, V. Leoniuk, and Ya. Hasiuk.
He was released from custody in May 1956 by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he immediately left for Ukraine. But due to the fact that he was not allowed to live in the Western Ukrainian lands, he went as far as the Kuzbass (the city of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo oblast), where he graduated from a mining institute and defended his candidate’s dissertation. He lives there to this day. In 2001, a collection of his poetry was published in Lviv.
Turkas, Kateryna
Born in 1926 in the village of Stara Ropa into a peasant family. She had an incomplete secondary education. Throughout 1945–1950, she maintained connections with the OUN underground. V. Zatvarsky made her privy to the existence of our organization. In the autumn of 1956, meetings between B. Khrystynych and V. Zatvarsky took place at her residence. She also helped V. Zatvarsky bring a typewriter from Staryi Sambir to Stara Ropa and kept it with her until he took it upon his departure to Inta. She appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. It should be noted that the investigative bodies were essentially unable to extract anything from her. She lives in her native village to this day.
Turiansky, Mykhailo
Born in 1927 in the Lviv region (the village of Syrnyky, Bibrka povit) into a family of teachers. He had an incomplete secondary education. In the 1940s, he was deported with his family to the Omsk oblast because there was a *kryivka* (bunker) in their yard.
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There, in 1951, for participation in a youth nationalist organization, he was arrested and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment. From 1954, he served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. He was a supporter of “Obyednannya” (he supported the organization financially). He was directly associated with P. Klymiuk and Ya. Hasiuk. After returning to Ukraine, he settled in the city of Fastiv, Kyiv oblast, where he lived until his death, which occurred in December 2002. He took an active part in public and political life (a member of the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA and the Society of Political Prisoners and the Repressed).
Turiansky, Yaroslav
Born in 1929 in the Lviv region (the village of Syrnyky, Bibrka povit) into a family of teachers. In the 1940s, he was deported with his family to the Omsk oblast because there was a *kryivka* (bunker) in their yard. There, in 1951, for participation in a youth nationalist organization, he was arrested and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment. From 1954, he served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps. In 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he lived and worked in Inta for a long time. He was a supporter of “Obyednannya”: he supported the organization financially. He was associated with P. Klymiuk and Ya. Hasiuk. After returning to Ukraine, he settled in the city of Fastiv, Kyiv oblast. With the advent of the Ukrainian state, he takes an active part in public and political life. He is a member of the Brotherhood of OUN-UPA and the Society of Political Prisoners and the Repressed.
Ulychny, Ostap
Born in 1928 in the village of Pohoriltsi, Peremyshliany district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. He graduated from the French department of the Faculty of Philology at Chernivtsi University. Throughout 1956–1959, he maintained close contact with B. Khrystynych. Incidentally, they were both members of the student nationalist
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organization “Proboyem” in 1948–1951. He was well-acquainted with the programmatic goals and tactics of our organization. He supported B. Khrystynych in his activities, particularly regarding the relocation of the “Obyednannya” printing press from Inta to Lviv. They repeatedly discussed the political situation in Ukraine and the tactics of further struggle against the Moscow-Bolshevik occupiers. As an active supporter of “Obyednannya,” he also maintained close relations with R. Ivasyk. He currently lives in Lviv and takes an active part in public and political life.
Kharechko, Ivan
Born in 1929 in the village of Krychylsk, Sarny district, Rivne oblast, into a peasant family. He had a primary education. He was arrested in 1952 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast for participation in the underground youth group known as the Krychylsk Youth OUN, distribution of nationalist leaflets, and connection with the OUN underground to 25 years of imprisonment. He was released in 1956 by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he came to his native village, where he settled with his relatives. He was privy to the affairs of “Obyednannya,” particularly the leaflets. He was directly associated with Stepan Soroka and his brother Sydor. There is a high probability that he was involved in the appearance of leaflets in the city of Sarny in late 1957. He died in the 1990s in his native village.
Kharechko, Sydor
Born in 1932 in the village of Krychylsk, Sarny district, Rivne oblast, into a peasant family. He had a primary education. He was arrested in 1952 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast for participation in the underground youth group known as the Krychylsk Youth OUN, distribution of nationalist leaflets, and connection with the OUN underground to 25 years of imprisonment. In 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After his release, he came to Ukraine and settled in his native village of Krychylsk. He was privy to the affairs of our organization, particularly
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the leaflets. He maintained close relations with Stepan Soroka. It is quite probable that he was involved in the appearance of leaflets in the city of Sarny in late 1957. He died in 1997.
Khmelovksy, Mykola
Born on May 18, 1880, in the village of Pokropyvna, Kozova district, Ternopil oblast. He graduated from theology, as well as the faculty of philosophy at the University of Vienna. He was a chaplain of the UHA, a canon, and an adviser to the metropolitan consistory of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church until its liquidation in 1946. From 1947, he was a member of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council under the pseudonyms: “Lavrivsky,” “Aksios,” and “100” (he represented the interests of the church and youth). He was arrested in March 1950 and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment. He was released in 1954 or 1955. Until his death, he was one of the leaders of the UGCC in the underground.
In the village of Mshana, next to his estate, lived the parents of Stefania Kobyletska, which gave him the opportunity to meet and become close with the members of “Obyednannya.” He blessed them for the struggle against the oppressors of Ukraine and supported them morally and spiritually. He was even ready to support the organization financially, for which he was going to sell his personal gold items, but the crackdown on “Obyednannya” thwarted all his intentions. He maintained direct contact with Ya. Kobyletsky, V. Zatvarsky, and S. Kobyletska. He died on April 30, 1963, in the village of Mshana, Horodok district, Lviv oblast.
Khrystynych, Bohdan
Born in 1929 in the village of Ozerna, Zboriv district, Ternopil oblast, into a nationally conscious peasant family. He completed 5 years of English philology at the Ivan Franko Lviv State University. In 1952,* for
*In the spring of 1952, a wave of student arrests swept through the universities of Lviv. Among those arrested were a number of students from the Ivan Franko Lviv State University, namely: Bohdan Stefaniuk, Roman Vasylko, Bohdan Bubniak (fourth-year students of physics and mathematics), Bohdan Chekailo (third-year student of English philology, correspondence department), Olha Matseliukh, Oksana Terletska, Volodymyra Hudyma, Alla Honcharuk, Marta Oshiyko (second-year students of Ukrainian philology), and Orysia Bandrivska (second-year student of Ukrainian philology) was expelled from the university and sent to her parents in special settlement.
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participation in the student nationalist organization “Proboyem,” he was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. One of the initiators of the creation of “Obyednannya.” Together with V. Zatvarsky, he developed the program and charter of our organization. A participant in the Constituent Assembly of “Obyednannya,” where he took an oath and was appointed to the propaganda referentura. Author of the “Synopsis of the History of the Ukrainian National Revolution” (1955), which is included in the materials of our case.
In the summer of 1956, he was released from custody by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he immediately left for Ukraine and settled in the town of Turka, Lviv oblast. His wife Maria Bobivska lived there. In the autumn of 1956, for the needs of the organization, he purchased a typewriter and all the necessary accessories for it in Lviv, and V. Zatvarsky took it all to Inta. He also sent V. Buchkovsky to Inta, where he made a homemade printing press. Just before his arrest, he began to prepare the conditions for moving the “Obyednannya” printing press from Inta to Lviv. He was associated with V. Leoniuk, V. Zatvarsky, Ya. Kobyletsky, Ya. Hasiuk, V. Buchkovsky, V. Vasylyk, and others. He was arrested in the autumn of 1959 and sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR on October 10, 1960, under Articles 1 and 9 of the Law on Particularly Dangerous State Crimes to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his full sentence in the concentration camps of Taishet and Mordovia. He now lives in Lviv and takes an active part in public and political life. A member of the People’s Movement of Ukraine, the Union of Political Prisoners of Ukraine, and “Prosvita.”
Khrystynych, Yevhen
Born in 1919 in the village of Ozerna, Zboriv district, Ternopil oblast, into a nationally conscious peasant family. Education: completed 4 grades of the Ternopil gymnasium “Ridna Shkola.” A member of the OUN, a participant in the armed Ukrainian underground, a company commander in the UPA. He was captured by the Moscow-Bolshevik henchmen in late 1944 or early 1945 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops to 10 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in
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the concentration camps of the Komi ASSR, particularly in Inta. After serving his full term of imprisonment, he was released from custody in 1955.
After his release, he lived in Inta for over ten years. He was a supporter of “Obyednannya” and maintained contact with B. Khrystynych and Ya. Hasiuk. In the mid-1960s, he left for Ukraine and settled in the town of Sokal, Lviv oblast. He died in the early 1990s.
Chereshnia, Andriy
Born around 1920 in the Demydivka district, Rivne oblast, into a peasant family. In 1951, he was arrested for his connection with the Ukrainian armed underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. A whole group of peasants was sentenced along with him (Mykola Zaveryukha, Prokopchuk, Rabunets, and others). His wife, arrested back in 1940, was in Kolyma. He served his sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR.
In the summer of 1956, he was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After his release, he lived and worked in Inta. For several months in 1958, the “Obyednannya” printing press was hidden in his home. A week after the printing press was moved to another location, his house was searched, but nothing was found. He also helped our organization financially. He maintained close relations directly with V. Leoniuk. In the late 1970s, he left with his family for Ukraine and settled in the city of Pavlohrad, Dnipropetrovsk oblast, where he died in the 1980s.
Shahai, Ivan
Born in 1931 in the village of Byshky, Kozova district, Ternopil oblast, into a peasant family. His parents died when he was not even three years old. He grew up and was raised by his older brothers, who were active nationalists. He had a primary education and obtained a secondary education only after his release from the camps. He was arrested in June 1951 for his connection with the OUN underground and for belonging to a youth underground group. In 1952, he was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops in Kyiv under Articles 54-1a, 11, and 8 to 25 years of imprisonment.
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Because of Article 54-8 (terror against representatives of Soviet power), the independent Ukrainian state has not rehabilitated him to this day. In 1956, a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR reduced his sentence to 15 years. He served his sentence in the Komi ASSR (in Inta until 1957, in Vorkuta from 1957 to 1958) and finally in the Mordovian ASSR, from where he was released in 1966.
During his time in the Inta camps, he was an activist of “Obyednannya”: he supported the organization financially—he collected money and distributed literature. He was directly associated with V. Zatvarsky, Ya. Kobyletsky, and D. Zhovtiak. After completing his sentence, not having the right to leave for Ukraine, he was forced to live in Inta, Komi ASSR. Only in 1983 was he able to move to Ukraine and settle in the town of Berezhany, Ternopil oblast, where he lives to this day.
With the advent of the independent Ukrainian state, he takes an active part in public and political life: he is the head of the district society “Memorial,” the head of the city branch of the NRU from 1990 to 1998, and a member of the committee for the creation of a monument to the Sich Riflemen on Lysonya. Also, with his participation, a memorial monument to the soldiers of the OUN-UPA was built in the city cemetery, and a memorial plaque was opened on the former Berezhany prison, where people were tortured in 1941. And in his native village, he created a museum of the OUN-UPA. It is no exaggeration to say that he is the engine of Ukrainian national life in Berezhany.
Shepel, Sava
Born in 1927 in the village of Krychylsk, Sarny district, Rivne oblast, into a peasant family. He had a primary education. A fellow villager and brother-in-law of K. Banatsky. In 1946, he was arrested for his connection with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. In 1956, he was released from custody. After his release, he lived in his native village.
In the autumn of 1957, he received 250 leaflets from K. Banatsky, which were seized from him during a search conducted by the KGB in late 1958. Both during the search and at the investigation, he stated that these were all the leaflets he had received from his relative. But in late 1957 or early 1958, leaflets titled “To the Citizen!” appeared in the city of Sarny. It is quite probable that he distributed them either himself or someone on his
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instruction. He appeared as a witness in the “Obyednannya” case. He died several years ago.
Shyhylyk, Mahdalyna (née Riabii)
Born in 1930 in the village of Bylyny, Staryi Sambir district, Lviv oblast, into a peasant family. She had an incomplete secondary education. In 1948, she was arrested for her connection with the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Lviv oblast to 25 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence in the Inta concentration camps, Komi ASSR. In the summer of 1956, she was released by a commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
After her release, she married and remained to live in Inta, where she resides to this day. In 1957, V. Zatvarsky recruited her as a supporter of “Obyednannya.” She stored our illegal literature in a secret compartment she had equipped in her woodshed. After V. Zatvarsky’s release, she returned the surviving literature to him.
Yutavets, Iryna
Born in 1927 in the Rivne region into a peasant family. She was arrested in 1944 for participation in the underground and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the MGB troops of Rivne oblast to 10 years of imprisonment. She served her sentence first in the concentration camps of the northern Urals, and later in Inta, Komi ASSR.
After her release, she lived in Inta and worked at mine No. 9, where prisoners also worked. She maintained close relations with Ya. Kobyletsky and V. Zatvarsky. With her help, while still in prison, they maintained contact with prisoners in other camps, in particular, passing on reports. She was a supporter of “Obyednannya.” She died in Inta.
Conclusion
Reviewing the above information about the members and supporters of “Obyednannya,” we realize that this is far from a complete picture, not a full list of persons involved in our organization. But this situation is due to objective reasons. Firstly, based on the principles of conspiracy, we never kept any records that would document people’s participation in the activities of our organization. Secondly, both the investigation and the court were able to identify and name far from all the people involved in our case. Many people remained off the record. Thirdly, the collection of materials about “Obyednannya”
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began when V. Slyvyak, P. Klymiuk, and Ya. Kobyletsky had already died, taking with them to the next world the names of many participants of our organization. Therefore, we ask those participants who do not find themselves in this list not to be offended. For it is not our fault.
Finally, it is necessary to name a number of people who were not members of the organization but, due to various circumstances, knew about its existence and activities. These include: Yaroslav Budzanivsky (from the Ternopil region), Anton Hreshchuk (from the Ivano-Frankivsk region), Yaroslav Ivanchenko (from the Kyiv region), Zinoviy Myshko (from the Ternopil region), Dmytro Ohlabyak (from the Ivano-Frankivsk region), Ivan Patsula (from the Lviv region), and Kuzma Khobzey (from the Ivano-Frankivsk region).
Thus, we have every reason to assert that the number of people involved in our organization was over one hundred.
(Here there are 94 individuals. Scanned and prepared for the site http://museum.khpg.org – “Museum of the Dissident Movement” by Vasyl OVSIENKO on January 31, 2009. There are separate, longer entries for 12 members of “Obyednannya”: Banatsky, Bulavsky, Buchkovsky, Hasiuk, Zatvarsky, Kobyletsky, Leoniuk, Riabchun, Slabina, Semen Soroka, Stepan Soroka, and Khrystynych)