How Dissidents Sent an Audio Message from the Camps

In 1969, in Mordovian camp No. 17, political prisoners Aleksandr Ginzburg, Yuly Daniel, and Viktor Kalniņš managed to record a literary program on magnetic tape. It was dedicated to the work of the Latvian poet Knuts Skujenieks. The audio recording was later smuggled out to Ginzburg’s wife, Arina, and Daniel’s son, Aleksandr. Fragments of this unusual “samizdat” and the story of its creation are in this video from “International Memorial.”